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Complete Guide

Ozone Explained

In this section, we have brought together key information and evidence to provide a comprehensive guide to ozone and the treatment process – how it works, where it can be used, its benefits and its environmentally responsible characteristics.

We hope this guide improves understanding of ozone and demonstrates how professional ozone treatment can support cleaner, fresher and healthier environments.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key information about ozone and the treatment process — how it works, its applications and what to expect.
It is important to remember that ozone treatment does not replace traditional cleaning, as it does not remove physical dirt, dust or debris.

Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive form of oxygen composed of three oxygen atoms. Due to its oxidising properties, ozone can interact with odour molecules and airborne contaminants, making it useful in professional environmental treatment applications.

Our generators produce ozone using corona discharge technology, where electrical energy converts oxygen (O2) into ozone (O3).

Ozone cleaning is a professional, environmentally responsible process that uses ozone (O3) gas to sanitise, deodorise and oxidise many odour-causing compounds and airborne contaminants at a molecular level. By oxidising these compounds, ozone can help reduce unpleasant smells and improve environmental hygiene without leaving chemical residues.

Our machines generate ozone through a process called corona discharge. This involves passing electrical energy through a chamber containing oxygen, which splits the oxygen molecules (O2) into individual atoms. These oxygen atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3).

Many people notice a clean, fresh, slightly metallic scent after thunderstorms, which is partly associated with naturally occurring ozone in the atmosphere.

Ozone cleaning is highly effective at sanitising, destroying odours, and eliminating harmful pollutants, but it is not safe for humans, pets, or plants during treatment. Ozone is a respiratory irritant and can cause coughing, chest discomfort and aggravate existing respiratory conditions if appropriate safety procedures are not followed.


When carried out by trained professionals using appropriate safety procedures, ozone treatment can be used safely in controlled, unoccupied environments.

Ozone cleaning provides a fast and environmentally responsible method of reducing odours and improving environmental hygiene. It leaves no chemical residue and generally requires fewer resources than many traditional methods.

Ozone has been studied and applied across a wide range of sectors, including healthcare, hospitality, food processing and transportation, where odour control and environmental hygiene are important.

Yes, ozone cleaning can be used to sanitise and deodorise stationary air conditioning units. It is highly effective at eliminating bacteria, mould, fungi, and removing musty odours from the evaporator coils and internal components and may provide an effective alternative or complement to traditional cleaning methods. However, this process must be handled with extreme care because ozone is a powerful oxidant.

Same as with stationary air conditioning system, ozone can be used to sanitise vehicle interiors and air conditioning systems by circulating ozone gas through the ventilation system, breaking down odour-causing molecules, mould, bacteria and allergens in the air vents, evaporator, and cabin. It can also help eliminate food, smoke and damp-related odours.

For best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection rather than as a daily air cleaner. The frequency of treatment depends on usage, environmental conditions and the presence of persistent odours.

As mentioned, ozone cleaning does not replace traditional cleaning when it comes to physical dirt. It sanitises and deodorises but it will not remove the root cause of the problem – this is often misinterpreted. For example, water ingress and damp smell. Ozone treatment will remove the odour issue but not water ingress problem.
Another example, odour appearing when using vehicle air conditioning. Ozone will remove it along with other unpleasant smells and disinfect the system but prior to treatment, it may be beneficial to inspect or replace the cabin filter and investigate potential sources of contamination.

Yes. The treatment area should be cleaned, vacuumed and any rubbish removed beforehand. This helps maximise the effectiveness of the treatment.

No. Under no circumstances should anyone enter the treatment area during the process. Ozone is a harmful respiratory irritant and can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to. Appropriate warning signage will be clearly displayed - “STOP HIGH CONCENTRATION OZONE TREATMENT IN PROGRESS DO NOT ENTER”.

The time required for ventilation and safe re-entry varies depending on factors such as room size, ventilation and ozone concentration. As a general guide, ventilation and safe re-entry may require approximately one and a half times the treatment duration, although this varies depending on environmental conditions.

Ozone cleaning can help reduce many microorganisms and unpleasant odours. It is chemical-free, environmentally responsible and leaves behind no chemical residue – just a fresher environment.

There are several conditions that are required for ozone treatment to work and be effective. The two most important factors are temperature and humidity. Optimal values are temperature between 10°C – 25°C and humidity between 40% - 60%. We assess environmental conditions before treatment to ensure they are suitable and optimise treatment effectiveness.

Treatment duration depends on several factors including the size and layout of the treatment area and the nature and severity of the odour or contamination being addressed. Every environment is different, which is why treatment times can vary considerably.

Our professional ozone generators are capable of treating environments ranging from vehicle interiors and hotel rooms to large commercial spaces. Treatment duration is determined individually following assessment of each environment.

Yes, it can. However, the answer to this question depends on the circumstances. For example, for best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for sanitisation every 6 months. Ozone treatment can help reduce odours and may help reduce mould spores, bacteria and allergens present within the environment.

In situations involving persistent odours or damp smells, more than one treatment may occasionally be required. It is important to mention that in both cases, it would be recommended to investigate the root cause of the issue. Ozone will sanitise and help eliminate any odour, but it will not fix the issue of the damp itself.

Another example would be ozone treatment required in an area affected by flood or fire. Treatment required in these circumstances is far more complex, requires certain conditions to be met for treatment effectiveness and in many cases, it must be repeated several times to help restore the environment following the incident.

Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms, existing both naturally in the upper atmosphere and as a pollutant at ground level. It acts as a protective shield against solar UV radiation in the stratosphere but is a harmful respiratory irritant and key component of smog at the Earth's surface.

Ozone cleaning is a professional, eco-friendly method using ozone (O3) gas or aqueous ozone to sanitise, deodorise, and break down contaminants at a molecular level without chemicals. It effectively eliminates pathogens; mould, bacteria, and viruses, and removes strong odours (smoke, pets) by oxidizing them, making it ideal for air purification, water treatment, and fabric sanitization.

Our machines generate ozone through a process called corona discharge. This involves passing electrical energy through a chamber containing oxygen, which splits the oxygen molecules (O2) into individual atoms. These atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3).

In everyday life, you can sometimes smell ozone after a thunderstorm. Clean, fresh, sterile, slightly metallic scent forms in the atmosphere when lightning passes through oxygen. It is more noticeable when storms are intense, with lots of lightning and strong downdrafts bringing air from higher altitudes where ozone is more concentrated.

Ozone cleaning is highly effective at sanitizing, destroying odours, and eliminating harmful pollutants, but it is not safe for humans, pets, or plants during treatment. As powerful as it is, it can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing, and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to, hence treatment area must be vacated and aired out thoroughly after treatment.


In summary, ozone cleaning is effective for disinfection in empty, controlled environments, and safe when health and safety practices are followed.

Ozone cleaning offers a faster, eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods, using ozone gas or aqueous ozone to neutralize stubborn odours without chemicals. It is safer for environments, leaving no toxic residue, whereas traditional cleaning often relies on harsh chemicals, fragrances, and requires more water.

Yes, it is very effective, hence ozone is widely used across industries as it provides powerful sanitisation and disinfection. In health care for instance, it is common to use ozone to decontaminate hospital rooms and clinical environments, and control of pathogens including bacteria, viruses and mould. In food industry, it is used to sanitise food processing equipment and to control odour and bacteria in cold storage. These are just two examples, but there are more where ozone is applied for its effectiveness.

Yes, ozone cleaning can be used to disinfect and deodorize stationary air conditioning units. It is highly effective at eliminating bacteria, mould, fungi, and removing musty odours from the evaporator coils and internal components, more effectively than traditional chemical methods. However, this process must be handled with extreme care because ozone is a powerful oxidant.

Same as with stationary air conditioning system, ozone can be used to sanitise and disinfect vehicle air conditioning systems by circulating ozone gas through the ventilation system, breaking down odour-causing molecules, mould, bacteria, and allergens in the air vents, evaporator, and cabin. Also, it will remove food, smoke and damp odours.
For best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection rather than as a daily air cleaner. It is a good practice to do it every 6 months.

As mentioned, ozone cleaning does not replace traditional cleaning when it comes to physical dirt. It sanitises, disinfects and deodorises but it will not remove the root cause of the problem – this is often misinterpreted. For example, water ingress and damp smell. Ozone treatment will remove the odour issue but not water ingress problem.
Another example, odour appearing when using vehicle air conditioning. Ozone will remove it along with other unpleasant smells and disinfect the system but prior to treatment cabin filter should be replaced and air inlet canals investigated for dirt residue as this is often overlooked.

In essence, ozone cleaning is highly effective, it eliminates pathogens and odours, it is chemical-free and environmentally friendly, leaving no residue behind – just purified air.

Yes, treatment area should be vacuumed, bins emptied and rubbish disposed of. Thanks to that treatment will be more effective.

Yes, it can. However, the answer to this question depends on the circumstances. For example, for best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection every 6 months. It will eliminate mould, bacteria, and allergens as well as damp, food, pet and smoke odours.

In situation when you experience issue with heavy odour or damp smell, treatment may be required more than once. It is important to mention that in both cases, it would be recommended to investigate the root cause of the issue. Ozone will disinfect and eliminate any odour, but it will not fix the issue of the damp itself.

Another example would be ozone treatment required in an area affected by flood or fire. Treatment required in these circumstances is far more complex, requires certain conditions to be met for treatment effectiveness and in many cases, it must be repeated several times to restore pre-incident environment.

No, you must not under no circumstances. Ozone is a harmful respiratory irritant and can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing, and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to. “STOP HIGH CONCENTRATION OZONE TREATMENT IN PROGRESS DO NOT ENTER” sign will be clearly displayed, and you will not be allowed to enter the treatment area until the process is completed and area thoroughly aired after treatment. In addition, ozone concentration levels will be checked to ensure safe re-entry.

Length of time required to ventilate and air the treatment area is on average time and a half of the treatment process itself. We can support and speed the process of ventilation by using our high-output floor fans reducing post-treatment wait time by half, subject to satisfactory ozone concentration level reading.

Ozone vs traditional cleaning

Ozone cleaning doesn't replace traditional cleaning — it augments it. Here's where it excels.

Speed & effectiveness

Ozone is a powerful oxidising agent that reacts rapidly with many odour-causing compounds and contaminants.

Chemical-Free & Safety

Ozone is a natural oxidant that decomposes back into oxygen and leaves no chemical residue.

Application & Residue

While traditional cleaning involves scrubbing with detergents and cleaners, ozone can penetrate hard-to-reach areas, including air ducts, fabrics and upholstery, leaving no chemical odour behind.

Environmentally Friendly

Ozone cleaning uses fewer resources (like water) and can reduce reliance on certain chemical cleaning agents and minimise chemical residues associated with traditional cleaning processes.
Disinfection guide

Pathogen elimination

The information below is intended for general educational purposes only. Required ozone concentration and exposure time vary depending on environmental conditions, pathogen type and treatment objectives.

Professional assessment should always be undertaken before determining treatment protocols.

These are indicative values reported within published literature.
Pathogen
Ozone Concentration (ppm)
Time (Minutes)
Fungi
< 0.3
< 2
Bacteria
0.3 – 2.3
< 20
Virus
0.2 – 4.0
< 30
Mould
3.0 – 5.0
60
It is important to mention that length of the treatment is determined by generator output and area treated.
Planning your treatment

How long should the treatment last for?

Treatment duration depends on several factors including the size and layout of the treatment area and the nature and severity of the odour or contamination being addressed. Every environment is different, which is why treatment times can vary considerably.

Our professional ozone generators are capable of treating environments ranging from vehicle interiors and hotel rooms to large commercial spaces. Treatment duration is determined individually following assessment of each environment.

Treatment time table

Room volume
1 ppm
5 ppm
10 ppm
30 m3
< 2 min
< 10 min
< 20 min
50 m3
> 3 min
16 min
32 min
100 m3
> 9 min
32 min
64 min
300 m3
> 19 min
96 min
192 min

Typical Runtimes

Car

20

min
Small room

20

min
medium room

30

min
large room

40

min
House

4

hours
Our reviews

Fresher spaces, real reviews

S B profile picture
S B
4 weeks ago
Did a fantastic job getting the stubborn smoke smell out of my car. Really pleased and impressed with this service!
Aneta O. profile picture
Aneta O.
4 weeks ago
PrimeSphere transformed our property with their ozone treatment. The air feels fresh, clean and sleep is so much better. Lukasz explained the treatment process and delivered exactly what we were looking for - genuine freshness. Entire process has been documented and copy provided for our records. Professional, reliable service and fantastic attention to detail, very impressed. Highly recommended to anyone.

We will see you again soon for treatment of our cars. Thank you
Zeeshan F. profile picture
Zeeshan F.
1 month ago
We recently used PrimeSphere's ozone treatment service, and we were very pleased with the results. Lukasz was professional and took the time to explain the process.

The treatment left the room feeling noticeably fresher, and the overall service was carried out to a high standard. Communication throughout was excellent, and the work was completed efficiently with minimal disruption.

I would highly recommend PrimeSphere.
Thank you, Lukasz, for your excellent work and dedication.

Zeeshan
Scholars School System
Miklos P. profile picture
Miklos P.
2 months ago
What a difference ozone treatment provided by Lukasz from Prime Sphere made to our dental practice.

The main reason why we decided to introduce it was for enhanced hygiene and disinfection standards. However, one unexpected benefit has been how many patients have commented that the surgery simply feels fresher and easier to breath in after ozone treatment.

Highly recommend to everyone.
Miklos ( Just Smile Dental)
Chris W. profile picture
Chris W.
2 months ago
Absolute dream service from start to finish. Lukasz was very professional from the moment he arrived to the moment he left, explained exactly what he was doing and why he was doing it, couldn’t of asked for a better man to do the job. The whole process took around an hour, 30 minutes for the actual process and roughly the same time to “air” the car out just so the smell isn’t so strong but after that the freshness and difference within the vehicle is perfect, almost like getting a new car! it clears all odours without fail.

If you’re a bit of a clean freak with your car or even just like to look after it then this is definitely a service for you, only needs to be done once every couple of months and gives you that peace of mind that the car is truly clean inside and out.

Thank you Lukasz, for being professional and providing the perfect service, be prepared for a returning customer.
Mark T. profile picture
Mark T.
2 months ago
Really happy with the service from PrimeSphere. I managed to get an appointment the same day, and the whole process took less than an hour. Luke was professional, explained everything clearly, and most importantly the bad smell from my AC is completely gone now. My car smells fresh again. Definitely recommend if you’re dealing with any odours.

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