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Complete Guide

Ozone Explained

In this section, we have brought together key information and data to create a comprehensive guide to ozone and the treatment process – how it works, its applications and benefits and its environmentally responsible impact.

We hope this guide will help raise awareness of ozone and demonstrate its full potential.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key information about ozone and the treatment process — how it works, its applications and what to expect.
It is important to remember that ozone cleaning does not replace traditional cleaning as ozone treatment does not remove physical dirt.

Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms, existing both naturally in the upper atmosphere and as a pollutant at ground level. It acts as a protective shield against solar UV radiation in the stratosphere but is a harmful respiratory irritant and key component of smog at the Earth's surface.

Ozone cleaning is a professional, eco-friendly method using ozone (O3) gas or aqueous ozone to sanitise, deodorise and break down contaminants at a molecular level without chemicals. It effectively eliminates pathogens; mould, bacteria and viruses, and removes strong odours (smoke, pets) by oxidising them, making it ideal for air purification, water treatment and fabric sanitisation.

Our machines generate ozone through a process called corona discharge. This involves passing electrical energy through a chamber containing oxygen, which splits the oxygen molecules (O2) into individual atoms. These atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3).

In everyday life, you can sometimes smell ozone after a thunderstorm. Clean, fresh, sterile, slightly metallic scent forms in the atmosphere when lightning passes through oxygen. It is more noticeable when storms are intense, with lots of lightning and strong downdrafts bringing air from higher altitudes where ozone is more concentrated.

Ozone cleaning is highly effective at sanitizing, destroying odours, and eliminating harmful pollutants, but it is not safe for humans, pets, or plants during treatment. As powerful as it is, it can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing, and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to, hence treatment area must be vacated and aired out thoroughly after treatment.


In summary, ozone cleaning is effective for disinfection in empty, controlled environments, and safe when health and safety practices are followed.

Ozone cleaning offers a faster, eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods, using ozone gas or aqueous ozone to neutralize stubborn odours without chemicals. It is safer for environments, leaving no toxic residue, whereas traditional cleaning often relies on harsh chemicals, fragrances, and requires more water.

Yes, it is very effective, hence ozone is widely used across industries as it provides powerful sanitisation and disinfection. In health care for instance, it is common to use ozone to decontaminate hospital rooms and clinical environments, and control of pathogens including bacteria, viruses and mould. In food industry, it is used to sanitise food processing equipment and to control odour and bacteria in cold storage. These are just two examples, but there are more where ozone is applied for its effectiveness.

Yes, ozone cleaning can be used to disinfect and deodorize stationary air conditioning units. It is highly effective at eliminating bacteria, mould, fungi, and removing musty odours from the evaporator coils and internal components, more effectively than traditional chemical methods. However, this process must be handled with extreme care because ozone is a powerful oxidant.

Same as with stationary air conditioning system, ozone can be used to sanitise and disinfect vehicle air conditioning systems by circulating ozone gas through the ventilation system, breaking down odour-causing molecules, mould, bacteria, and allergens in the air vents, evaporator, and cabin. Also, it will remove food, smoke and damp odours.
For best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection rather than as a daily air cleaner. It is a good practice to do it every 6 months.

As mentioned, ozone cleaning does not replace traditional cleaning when it comes to physical dirt. It sanitises, disinfects and deodorises but it will not remove the root cause of the problem – this is often misinterpreted. For example, water ingress and damp smell. Ozone treatment will remove the odour issue but not water ingress problem.
Another example, odour appearing when using vehicle air conditioning. Ozone will remove it along with other unpleasant smells and disinfect the system but prior to treatment cabin filter should be replaced and air inlet canals investigated for dirt residue as this is often overlooked.

Yes, treatment area should be vacuumed, bins emptied and rubbish disposed of. Thanks to that treatment will be more effective.

No, you must not under no circumstances. Ozone is a harmful respiratory irritant and can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing, and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to. “STOP HIGH CONCENTRATION OZONE TREATMENT IN PROGRESS DO NOT ENTER” sign will be clearly displayed, and you will not be allowed to enter the treatment area until the process is completed and area thoroughly aired after treatment. In addition, ozone concentration levels will be checked to ensure safe re-entry.

Length of time required to ventilate and air the treatment area is on average time and a half of the treatment process itself. We can support and speed the process of ventilation by using our high-output floor fans reducing post-treatment wait time by half, subject to satisfactory ozone concentration level reading.

In essence, ozone cleaning is highly effective, it eliminates pathogens and odours, it is chemical-free and environmentally friendly, leaving no residue behind – just purified air.

There are several conditions that are required for ozone treatment to work and be effective. It is room temperature and humidity. Optimal values are temperature between 15°C – 25°C and humidity between 50% - 80%. No need to worry about any of it as we will carry out all necessary checks to ensure conditions are optimal prior to treatment start.

To determine treatment required time, we need to establish few important details: treatment area volume, ozone concentration required and its mass accordingly and generator output in mg/h or g/h.

Our lowest output generator produces 60 g/h = 60,000 mg/h which is much stronger than most consumer ozone generators. It is powerful enough to treat cars, coaches, hotel rooms, medium and large houses as well as commercial units and areas after fire and flood damage up to 160m2.

Yes, it can. However, the answer to this question depends on the circumstances. For example, for best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection every 6 months. It will eliminate mould, bacteria, and allergens as well as damp, food, pet and smoke odours.

In situation when you experience issue with heavy odour or damp smell, treatment may be required more than once. It is important to mention that in both cases, it would be recommended to investigate the root cause of the issue. Ozone will disinfect and eliminate any odour, but it will not fix the issue of the damp itself.

Another example would be ozone treatment required in an area affected by flood or fire. Treatment required in these circumstances is far more complex, requires certain conditions to be met for treatment effectiveness and in many cases, it must be repeated several times to restore pre-incident environment.

Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms, existing both naturally in the upper atmosphere and as a pollutant at ground level. It acts as a protective shield against solar UV radiation in the stratosphere but is a harmful respiratory irritant and key component of smog at the Earth's surface.

Ozone cleaning is a professional, eco-friendly method using ozone (O3) gas or aqueous ozone to sanitise, deodorise, and break down contaminants at a molecular level without chemicals. It effectively eliminates pathogens; mould, bacteria, and viruses, and removes strong odours (smoke, pets) by oxidizing them, making it ideal for air purification, water treatment, and fabric sanitization.

Our machines generate ozone through a process called corona discharge. This involves passing electrical energy through a chamber containing oxygen, which splits the oxygen molecules (O2) into individual atoms. These atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3).

In everyday life, you can sometimes smell ozone after a thunderstorm. Clean, fresh, sterile, slightly metallic scent forms in the atmosphere when lightning passes through oxygen. It is more noticeable when storms are intense, with lots of lightning and strong downdrafts bringing air from higher altitudes where ozone is more concentrated.

Ozone cleaning is highly effective at sanitizing, destroying odours, and eliminating harmful pollutants, but it is not safe for humans, pets, or plants during treatment. As powerful as it is, it can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing, and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to, hence treatment area must be vacated and aired out thoroughly after treatment.


In summary, ozone cleaning is effective for disinfection in empty, controlled environments, and safe when health and safety practices are followed.

Ozone cleaning offers a faster, eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods, using ozone gas or aqueous ozone to neutralize stubborn odours without chemicals. It is safer for environments, leaving no toxic residue, whereas traditional cleaning often relies on harsh chemicals, fragrances, and requires more water.

Yes, it is very effective, hence ozone is widely used across industries as it provides powerful sanitisation and disinfection. In health care for instance, it is common to use ozone to decontaminate hospital rooms and clinical environments, and control of pathogens including bacteria, viruses and mould. In food industry, it is used to sanitise food processing equipment and to control odour and bacteria in cold storage. These are just two examples, but there are more where ozone is applied for its effectiveness.

Yes, ozone cleaning can be used to disinfect and deodorize stationary air conditioning units. It is highly effective at eliminating bacteria, mould, fungi, and removing musty odours from the evaporator coils and internal components, more effectively than traditional chemical methods. However, this process must be handled with extreme care because ozone is a powerful oxidant.

Same as with stationary air conditioning system, ozone can be used to sanitise and disinfect vehicle air conditioning systems by circulating ozone gas through the ventilation system, breaking down odour-causing molecules, mould, bacteria, and allergens in the air vents, evaporator, and cabin. Also, it will remove food, smoke and damp odours.
For best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection rather than as a daily air cleaner. It is a good practice to do it every 6 months.

As mentioned, ozone cleaning does not replace traditional cleaning when it comes to physical dirt. It sanitises, disinfects and deodorises but it will not remove the root cause of the problem – this is often misinterpreted. For example, water ingress and damp smell. Ozone treatment will remove the odour issue but not water ingress problem.
Another example, odour appearing when using vehicle air conditioning. Ozone will remove it along with other unpleasant smells and disinfect the system but prior to treatment cabin filter should be replaced and air inlet canals investigated for dirt residue as this is often overlooked.

In essence, ozone cleaning is highly effective, it eliminates pathogens and odours, it is chemical-free and environmentally friendly, leaving no residue behind – just purified air.

Yes, treatment area should be vacuumed, bins emptied and rubbish disposed of. Thanks to that treatment will be more effective.

Yes, it can. However, the answer to this question depends on the circumstances. For example, for best results, it is recommended to use ozone treatment periodically for disinfection every 6 months. It will eliminate mould, bacteria, and allergens as well as damp, food, pet and smoke odours.

In situation when you experience issue with heavy odour or damp smell, treatment may be required more than once. It is important to mention that in both cases, it would be recommended to investigate the root cause of the issue. Ozone will disinfect and eliminate any odour, but it will not fix the issue of the damp itself.

Another example would be ozone treatment required in an area affected by flood or fire. Treatment required in these circumstances is far more complex, requires certain conditions to be met for treatment effectiveness and in many cases, it must be repeated several times to restore pre-incident environment.

No, you must not under no circumstances. Ozone is a harmful respiratory irritant and can cause lung irritation, chest pain, coughing, and worsen asthma if safety procedures are not adhered to. “STOP HIGH CONCENTRATION OZONE TREATMENT IN PROGRESS DO NOT ENTER” sign will be clearly displayed, and you will not be allowed to enter the treatment area until the process is completed and area thoroughly aired after treatment. In addition, ozone concentration levels will be checked to ensure safe re-entry.

Length of time required to ventilate and air the treatment area is on average time and a half of the treatment process itself. We can support and speed the process of ventilation by using our high-output floor fans reducing post-treatment wait time by half, subject to satisfactory ozone concentration level reading.

Ozone vs traditional cleaning

Ozone cleaning doesn't replace traditional cleaning — it augments it. Here's where it excels.

Speed & effectiveness

Works up to 3,000× faster than chlorine. Breaks down molecular bonds to destroy odours rather than masking them.

Chemical-Free & Safety

Ozone is a natural oxidant that decomposes back into oxygen, requiring no harsh chemical sprays or detergents. This makes it ideal for allergy sufferers and reduces chemical residues on surfaces, unlike traditional cleaning.

Application & Residue

While traditional cleaning involves scrubbing with detergents and cleaners, ozone (especially gaseous) can penetrate hard-to-reach areas, including air ducts, fabrics, and upholstery, leaving no chemical odour behind.

Environmentally Friendly

Ozone cleaning uses fewer resources (like water) and reduces chemical waste in rivers and sewage.
Disinfection guide

Pathogen elimination

When using ozone to eliminate pathogens, two components must be determined: concentration and exposure time. These are evidence-based guidelines — always refer to the latest literature for specific protocols.
Pathogen
Ozone Concentration (ppm)
Time (Minutes)
Fungi
< 0.3
< 2
Bacteria
0.3 – 2.3
< 20
Virus
0.2 – 4.0
< 30
Mould
3.0 – 5.0
60
It is important to mention that length of the treatment is determined by generator output and area treated.
Planning your treatment

How long should the treatment last for?

To determine treatment required time, we need to establish few important details: treatment area volume, ozone concentration required and its mass accordingly and generator output in mg/h or g/h.

Our lowest output generator produces 60 g/h = 60,000 mg/h which is much stronger than most consumer ozone generators. It is powerful enough to treat cars, coaches, hotel rooms, medium and large houses as well as commercial units and areas after fire and flood damage up to 160m2.

Treatment time table

Room volume
1 ppm
5 ppm
10 ppm
30 m3
< 2 min
< 10 min
< 20 min
50 m3
> 3 min
16 min
32 min
100 m3
> 9 min
32 min
< 30
300 m3
> 19 min
96 min
60

Typical Runtimes

Car

20

min
Small room

20

min
medium room

30

min
large room

40

min
House

3

hours
Our reviews

Fresher spaces, real reviews

Miklos P. profile picture
Miklos P.
4 days ago
What a difference ozone treatment provided by Lukasz from Prime Sphere made to our dental practice.

The main reason why we decided to introduce it was for enhanced hygiene and disinfection standards. However, one unexpected benefit has been how many patients have commented that the surgery simply feels fresher and easier to breath in after ozone treatment.

Highly recommend to everyone.
Miklos ( Just Smile Dental)
Chris W. profile picture
Chris W.
3 weeks ago
Absolute dream service from start to finish. Lukasz was very professional from the moment he arrived to the moment he left, explained exactly what he was doing and why he was doing it, couldn’t of asked for a better man to do the job. The whole process took around an hour, 30 minutes for the actual process and roughly the same time to “air” the car out just so the smell isn’t so strong but after that the freshness and difference within the vehicle is perfect, almost like getting a new car! it clears all odours without fail.

If you’re a bit of a clean freak with your car or even just like to look after it then this is definitely a service for you, only needs to be done once every couple of months and gives you that peace of mind that the car is truly clean inside and out.

Thank you Lukasz, for being professional and providing the perfect service, be prepared for a returning customer.
Mark T. profile picture
Mark T.
3 weeks ago
Really happy with the service from PrimeSphere. I managed to get an appointment the same day, and the whole process took less than an hour. Luke was professional, explained everything clearly, and most importantly the bad smell from my AC is completely gone now. My car smells fresh again. Definitely recommend if you’re dealing with any odours.

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